Buch lesen: «Butterflies and Moths (British)», Seite 21
There are so many of these little moths that we cannot even give a representative of each family, but the following outline will serve to show the extensiveness of the group.
We shall now briefly examine a few of the commonest insects of the group.
Tortrix xylosteana
This pretty moth is common in most parts, and may often be met with in abundance in wooded localities during July. It belongs to the family Tortricidæ.
Fig. 224. – Xylosteana with wings closed.
Its fore wings are ochreous brown. A very dark oblique streak, edged with yellow, runs from the inner margin of the base. A reddish patch in the centre of the wing, also edged with yellow, is narrow on the costa, and expands as it approaches the inner margin. Beyond this are another dark patch on the costa and two reddish-brown blotches on the hind margin.
The larva is greenish brown, marked with white spots which have black centres; and it feeds on oak (Quercus Robur), honeysuckle (Lonicera Periclymenum), and other plants, in the month of May.
Tortrix viridana
Fig. 225. – Viridana.
In June and July this pretty but destructive little insect may be seen flying in abundance in almost every oak wood. Its fore wings are one uniform pale green with the exception of a streak of yellow along the costal margin; and, when at rest, scores may exist on a single twig without being seen unless closely examined. The hind wings are of a pale smoky tint, and rather glossy.
The larva is green, with black spots, and feeds in May and June on the oak and other trees, often almost completely devouring the foliage.
Peronea cristana
Fig. 226. – Cristana – Enlarged.
This moth is not so generally abundant, but is very common in many of the woods of the south. It is remarkable for the large number of varieties that have been observed, many of which have been regarded as distinct species.
Its fore wings are of some shade of brown or grey, with a light streak of variable colour along the inner margin, and a tuft of raised white scales in the middle of the wing.
It flies during August and September.
Ptycholoma lecheana
Our last example of the family Tortricidæ is Lecheana, a moth that is common in most parts in June and July.
Fig. 227. – Lecheana.
Its fore wings are brown, lighter towards the base. There are no very distinct markings, but there is generally a darker patch in the middle of the wing, edged with a silvery streak on each side.
The larva feeds on several trees, including oaks and elms, in the month of May.
Penthina pruniana
Fig. 228. – Pruniana.
The next family —Penthinidæ– contains the common species Pruniana, which may be readily known by its boldly marked wings. The basal portion of the fore wings, to the extent of nearly two-thirds of the whole, is very dark brown. The remaining third is almost white, and clouded with grey. The hind wings are smoky brown with a paler fringe.
The caterpillar of this species feeds on the blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) in May, and the moth flies in June and July.
Antithesia salicella
This moth is not nearly so common as the last species, but is fairly plentiful in some localities in the south of England. It belongs to the same family as Pruniana.
Fig. 229. – Salicella.
The fore wings are whitish at the base and along the inner margin, but the light tint is dotted and clouded with shades of brown. The remainder of the wings is marbled with dark brown of different depths, relieved near the hind margin with a little blue. The hind wings, as is usual with the Tortrices, are dull smoky brown.
The caterpillar is reddish brown with black spots, and feeds during May in rolled leaves of willows.
The moth flies in August and September.
Sciaphila octomaculana
Our single example of the family Sciaphilidæ is the species Octomaculana, which, though not very abundant, is widely distributed, and moderately common in parts.
Fig. 230. – Octomaculana – Enlarged.
Its fore wings are white, dusted with grey, and each is marked with four dark grey patches which have given rise to its specific name – a word which signifies 'eight-spotted.' The hind wings are grey.
The caterpillar feeds on thistles and other plants, and the moth flies from August to October.
Ephippiphora cirsiana
This insect represents the family Grapholithidæ. It is a common moth, and is widely distributed.
Fig. 231. – Cirsiana – Enlarged.
Its fore wings are greyish brown, with a large white patch on the middle of the inner margin; and beyond this white, in the anal angle, is a pale grey patch containing three or four black dots. The tips of the wings are reddish brown.
The moth flies in June and July; and the larva, which feeds on thistles, may be found in the stems from October to the following May.
Carpocapsa pomonella
Fig. 232. – Pomonella.
The same extensive family contains a few moths that are very destructive to our fruits, the larvæ burrowing into and living entirely within their substance. One of these —Pomonella– is popularly known as the Codlin, as its larva is so often found in the interior of small apples of the same name.
The fore wings of this insect are grey, with a number of dark transverse lines. The spot in the anal angle is edged with a coppery tint, and inclosed by a curved black line.
This moth is common in all parts, flying during June and July; and the larva may be looked for in apples and pears in August and September.
Xanthosetia zoegana
Fig. 233. – Zoegana – Enlarged.
Our last example of the Tortrices is Zoegana, which belongs to the family Conchylidæ. Its fore wings are yellow, with a reddish streak along the costa near the base, and a small reddish spot opposite this near the inner margin. The tip of the wings is dark reddish brown, in the middle of which is a large yellow spot.
This moth is widely distributed, and in some parts common. It flies from May to August, and the larva feeds on the small scabious (Scabiosa columbaria).
The Tineæ
We have noticed that the Tortrices form a very extensive group of moths, but they are far outnumbered by the Tineæ, for of these there are over seven hundred known British species.
Of course, among so many species we are sure to find considerable variety in form and structure; but notwithstanding this, the Tineæ form a well-marked division, and the beginner will find but little difficulty in distinguishing between these and the other Micros.
The wings are long and narrow, and are remarkable for the length of the fringe, particularly that of the hind wings. The bodies, too, are long and slender.
The larvæ are exceedingly variable. Some have the usual number of sixteen limbs, and others have as many as eighteen. Again, the larvæ of several genera have only fourteen legs, and some are absolutely legless.
With regard to their food and habits, they are equally variable, for while some feed exposed, others are always protected in rolled leaves. Some construct for themselves portable tubes, so that they always remain under cover, and are at the same time perfectly free to ramble in search for food. Some, also, are leaf miners; and the group includes the so-called 'Clothes Moths,' whose larvæ devour our garments, furs, and the upholstering of our furniture.
We shall now briefly notice a few species, in order that we may become better acquainted with the general characters of the group.
Diurnea fagella
This moth represents the small family Epigraphiidæ, containing only six species, all of which appear in the winter or early spring.
Fig. 234. – Fagella.
The present species is very common in most parts, and may be seen at rest on the barks of trees in March and April.
The fore wings are usually pale grey or yellowish grey, and dotted with brown; but there is a great variety both in the depth of the ground colour and the distinctness of the markings. Our illustration gives the usual appearance of the insect.
The caterpillar feeds on various trees in September and October, always protected between leaves that it has spun together.
Adela cuprella
Fig. 235. – Cuprella.
The family Adelidæ contains ten species, all remarkable for the great length of their antennæ. The one selected for illustration is a beautiful little moth with bright bronzy green fore wings, tinged with a rich glossy violet. The hind wings are brown with a glossy surface.
This moth does not seem to be widely distributed, but is fairly plentiful where it occurs. Wimbledon Common and Epping Forest are good localities for it. It is on the wing in April and May.
Hyponomeuta Padellus
The family Hyponomeutidæ contains about twenty insects, some of which are very common and exceedingly destructive to our trees. In May and June hawthorn and fruit trees may be seen swarming with the gregarious larvæ of some of them, and almost entirely stripped of their leaves.
Fig. 236. – Padellus.
The species here figured has grey or white fore wings with three rows of black dots. The hind wings are darker grey without dots.
The larva feeds on hawthorn, apple, and other trees. The perfect insect flies in July and August.
Depressaria nervosa
Fig. 237. – Nervosa – Twice Natural Size.
The next family —Gelechiidæ– is represented by the species Nervosa, which is common in many localities.
Its fore wings are reddish brown, and are marked by a number of short longitudinal streaks of a darker colour. The hind wings are light grey.
The caterpillar is black, marked with black spots in white rings, and having yellow side stripes. It feeds on the flowers of the hemlock water dropwort (Œnanthe crocata) during June and July.
The moth flies in August and September.
Harpella Geoffrella
Fig. 238. – Geoffrella.
The same extensive family contains the moth Geoffrella, represented in the accompanying cut. This is an exceedingly pretty insect. The basal portion of its fore wings is yellow, with two longitudinal dark streaks, the outer one of which is bent towards the inner margin near the middle of the wing. The remaining portion of the wings is brown, with two yellowish triangular spots, one on the costal and one on the inner margin. On the middle of the costa is a short dark streak.
This moth appears in May and June, and is rather local, but very abundant in some parts.
Coleophora ibipennella
Fig. 239. – Ibipennella – Enlarged.
The family Coleophoridæ contains about seventy small moths, characterised by their very narrow and pointed wings, with long fringes, and also, generally, by a little tuft of hair on the first joint of the antennæ.
The larvæ live in little cases which they construct, and feed on various leaves and seeds. They spend the winter within their cases, and change to the chrysalis state in spring or early summer.
One of these moths —Ibipennella– is shown in fig. 239. Its fore wings are white, with a satiny gloss, and brownish towards the tips. The 'nervures' are generally of a yellowish tinge. The hind wings are dark grey.
The larva feeds on the birch (Betula alba), and may be seen walking on the surface of the leaves, carrying, or rather dragging after it, the pistol-shaped case in which it lives, nothing protruding save its head and front legs. It is full fed in May, and the moth flies in July.
Tischeria complanella
Fig. 240. – Complanella – Enlarged.
This species represents the rather extensive family Elachistidæ, the members of which have narrow and pointed wings. Many of them are adorned with beautiful metallic tints, but are generally so small that a lens is necessary to show up the splendour of their clothing. Most of the larvæ are leaf miners, and are easily reared. All that is necessary is to pluck a few twigs, the leaves of which, when held up to the light, reveal the tiny larvæ in their burrows, and place them in a vessel of water. They do not feed long, and it is probable that most of the larvæ so treated will be ready to change before the leaves have become dry. The present species has bright yellow fore wings, with pale grey cloudings at the hind margins. It is very abundant in many parts, and flies during the month of June.
The larva is one of the numerous leaf miners, and is of a yellowish colour. It feeds in oak leaves during the autumn, and its presence is indicated by light blotches on the foliage.
Nepticula aurella
Fig. 241. – Aurella – Enlarged.
The family Nepticulidæ– the last of the Tineæ– contains a number of little moths, including the smallest of the Lepidoptera. Many of them are exceedingly beautiful, being decorated with various tints of a splendid metallic lustre, but their beauty is revealed only by the use of a magnifying lens, and they are so small that very great care and patience is required to set them properly.
They may be recognised by their short and thick antennæ, rather large head, broad fore wings, and narrow pointed hind wings.
The larvæ have no true legs, but have nine pairs of very imperfectly developed claspers. They are leaf miners, and are sometimes so abundant that several may be found in a single leaf.
The species we have selected has fore wings of a rich golden brown, with deep violet tips, and a broad bar of pale golden yellow beyond the middle. It may be found throughout the spring and summer. The larva excavates long irregular burrows in the leaves of the bramble.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I
I have previously called the reader's attention to our classified list of butterflies and moths, and have hinted at one or two of the objects for which it is inserted. It contains the scientific and popular names of all the British Butterflies, Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuæ, and Geometræ, arranged in their various families and genera; and in cases where two specific names are commonly applied to the same insect, both are given.
Its chief uses to the young entomologist are to show the relation which the insects bear one to another, and to supply a guide for the proper arrangement of the specimens in his cabinet.
The order adopted is that of South's 'Synonymic List of British Lepidoptera,' and it has already been mentioned that similar lists, printed on one side of the paper only, may be obtained from dealers in naturalists' appliances. These, cut up as required, supply very neat labels for cabinets or store boxes.
COMPLETE CLASSIFIED LIST OF BRITISH MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA
RHOPALOCERA (BUTTERFLIES)
PAPILIONIDÆ.
Papilio.
Machaon– Swallow Tail
PIERIDÆ.
Aporia.
Cratægi– Black-veined White
Pieris.
Brassicæ– Large White
Rapæ– Small White
Napi– Green-veined White
Daplidice– Bath White
Euchloë.
Cardamines– Orange Tip
Leucophasia.
Sinapis– Wood White
Colias.
Hyale– Pale Clouded Yellow
Edusa– Clouded Yellow
Gonopteryx.
Rhamni– Brimstone
NYMPHALIDÆ.
Argynnis.
Selene– Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary
Euphrosyne– Pearl-bordered Fritillary
Latona– Queen of Spain
Aglaia– Dark Green Fritillary
Adippe– High Brown Fritillary
Paphia– Silver-washed Fritillary
Melitæa.
Aurinia (Artemis) – Greasy Fritillary
Cinxia– Glanville Fritillary
Athalia– Heath Fritillary
Vanessa.
C-Album– Comma
Polychloros– Large Tortoiseshell
Urticæ– Small Tortoiseshell
Io– Peacock
Antiopa– Camberwell Beauty
Atalanta– Red Admiral
Cardui– Painted Lady
Limenitis.
Sibylla– White Admiral
APATURIDÆ.
Apatura.
Iris– Purple Emperor
SATYRIDÆ.
Melanargia.
Galatea– Marbled White
Erebia.
Epiphron (Cassiope) – Small Ringlet
Æthiops (Blandina) – Northern Brown (Scotch Argus)
Pararge.
Egeria– Speckled Wood
Megæra– Wall
Satyrus.
Semele– Grayling
Epinephele.
Ianira– Meadow Brown
Tithonus– Large Heath (Small Meadow Brown)
Hyperanthes– Ringlet
Cænonympha.
Typhon (Davus) – Marsh Ringlet
Pamphilus– Small Heath
LYCÆNIDÆ.
Thecla.
Betulæ– Brown Hairstreak
W-Album– White-letter Hairstreak
Pruni– Dark Hairstreak
Quercus– Purple Hairstreak
Rubi– Green Hairstreak
Polyommatus.
Dispar– Large Copper
Phlœas– Small Copper
Lycæna.
Bætica– Tailed Blue
Ægon– Silver-studded Blue
Astrarche (Agestis) – Brown Argus
Icarus (Alexis) – Common Blue
Bellargus (Adonis) – Clifden Blue
Corydon– Chalk-hill Blue
Argiolus– Azure or Holly Blue
Semiargus (Acis) – Mazarine Blue
Minima (Alsus) – Small Blue
Arion– Large Blue
ERYCINIDÆ.
Nemeobius.
Lucina– Duke of Burgundy
HESPERIIDÆ.
Syrichthus.
Malvæ (Alveolus) – Grizzled Skipper
Nisoniades.
Tages– Dingy Skipper
Hesperia.
Thaumas (Linea) – Small Skipper
Lineola– New Small Skipper
Actæon– Lulworth Skipper
Sylvanus– Large Skipper
Comma– Silver-spotted Skipper
Carterocephalus.
Palæmon (Paniscus) – Chequered Skipper
HETEROCERA (MOTHS)
SPHINGES
SPHINGIDÆ.
Acherontia.
Atropos– Death's Head Hawk Moth
Sphinx.
Convolvuli– Convolvulus Hawk
Ligustri– Privet Hawk
Pinastri– Pine Hawk
Deilephila.
Euphorbiæ– Spurge Hawk
Galii– Bedstraw Hawk
Livornica– Striped Hawk
Chærocampa.
Celerio– Silver-striped Hawk
Porcellus– Small Elephant
Elpenor– Large Elephant
Smerinthus.
Ocellatus– Eyed Hawk
Populi– Poplar Hawk
Tiliæ– Lime Hawk
Macroglossa.
Stellatarum– Humming-bird Hawk
Fuciformis– Broad-bordered Bee Hawk
Bombyliformis– Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk
SESIIDÆ.
Trochilium.
Apiformis– Hornet Clearwing of the Poplar
Crabroniformis (Bembeciformis) – Hornet Clearwing of Osier
Sciopteron.
Tabaniformis (Vespiforme) – Dusky Clearwing
Sesia.
Scoliiformis– Welsh Clearwing
Sphegiformis– White-barred Clearwing
Andreniformis– Orange-tailed Clearwing
Tipuliformis– Currant Clearwing
Asiliformis (Cynipiformis) – Yellow-legged Clearwing
Myopiformis– Red-belted Clearwing
Culiciformis– Large Red-belted Clearwing
Formiciformis– Red-tipped Clearwing
Ichneumoniformis– Six-belted Clearwing
Musciformis (Philanthiformis) – Thrift Clearwing
Chrysidiformis– Fiery Clearwing
ZYGÆNIDÆ.
Ino.
Globulariæ– Scarce Forester
Statices– Forester
Geryon– Cistus Forester
Zygæna.
Pilosellæ (Minos) – Transparent Burnet
Exulans– Scotch Burnet
Meliloti– New Forest Burnet
Trifolii– Broad-bordered Five-spotted Burnet
Loniceræ– Narrow-bordered Five-spotted Burnet
Filipendulæ– Six-spotted Burnet
BOMBYCES
NYCTEOLIDÆ.
Sarothripus.
Undulanus– Tortrix Moth
Earias.
Chlorana– Cream-bordered Green
Hylophila.
Prasinana– Green Silver-lined
Bicolorana (Quercana) – Large Green Silver-lined
NOLIDÆ.
Nola.
Cucullatella– Short-cloaked
Strigula– Small Black Arches
Confusalis (Cristulalis) – Least Black Arches
Albulalis– Kent Arches
Centonalis– Scarce Black Arches
LITHOSIIDÆ.
Nudaria.
Senex– Round-winged Muslin
Mundana– Muslin Moth
Setina.
Irrorella– Dew Moth
Calligenia.
Miniata– Rosy Footman (Red Arches)
Lithosia.
Mesomella– Four-dotted Footman
Muscerda– Dotted Footman
Sororcula (Aureola) – Orange Footman
Lutarella (Pygmæola) – Pigmy Footman
Griseola (Stramineola) – Pale Footman
Deplana (Helveola) – Buff Footman
Lurideola (Complanula) – Common Footman
Complana– Scarce Footman
Sericea (Molybdeola) – Leaden Footman
Caniola– Hoary Footman
Gnophria.
Quadra– Four-spotted Footman
Rubricollis– Red-necked Footman
Emydia.
Cribrum– Speckled Footman
EUCHELIIDÆ.
Deiopeia.
Pulchella– Crimson Speckled
Euchelia.
Jacobææ– Cinnabar
Callimorpha.
Dominula– Scarlet Tiger
Hera– Jersey Tiger
CHELONIIDÆ.
Nemeophila.
Russula– Clouded Buff
Plantaginis– Wood Tiger
Arctia.
Caia– Tiger
Villica– Cream-spot Tiger
Spilosoma.
Fuliginosa– Ruby Tiger
Mendica– Muslin
Lubricipeda– Buff Ermine
Menthastri– White Ermine
Urticæ– Water Ermine
HEPIALIDÆ.
Hepialus.
Humuli– Ghost Swift
Sylvanus– Wood Swift
Velleda– Northern Swift
Lupulinus– Common Swift
Hectus– Gold Swift
COSSIDÆ.
Cossus.
Ligniperda– Goat
Zeuzera.
Pyrina (Æsculi) – Leopard
Macrogaster.
Castaneæ (Arundinis) – Reed Moth
COCHLIOPODIDÆ.
Heterogenea.
Limacodes (Testudo) – Festoon Moth
Asella (Asellus) – Triangle Moth
LIPARIDÆ.
Porthesia (Liparis).
Chrysorrhœa– Brown Tail
Similis (Auriflua) – Yellow Tail (Gold Tail)
Leucoma.
Salicis– Satin Moth
Lælia.
Cœnosa– Reed Tussock
Ocneria.
Dispar– Gipsy
Psilura.
Monacha– Black Arches
Dasychira.
Fascelina– Dark Tussock
Pudibunda– Pale Tussock
Orgyia.
Gonostigma– Scarce Vapourer
Antiqua– Vapourer
BOMBYCIDÆ.
Trichiura.
Cratægi– Pale Oak Eggar
Pœcilocampa.
Populi– December Moth
Eriogaster.
Lanestris– Small Eggar
Bombyx.
Neustria– Lackey
Castrensis– Ground Lackey
Rubi– Fox
Quercus– Oak Eggar
Trifolii– Grass Eggar
Odonestis.
Potatoria– Drinker
Lasiocampa.
Quercifolia– Lappet
Ilicifolia– Small Lappet
ENDROMIDÆ.
Endromis.
Versicolor– Kentish Glory
SATURNIIDÆ.
Saturnia.
Pavonia (Carpini) – Emperor
DREPANULIDÆ.
Drepana.
Lacertinaria (Lacertula) – Scalloped Hook Tip
Harpagula (Sicula) – Scarce Hook Tip
Falcataria (Falcula) – Pebble Hook Tip
Binaria (Hamula) – Oak Hook Tip
Cultraria (Unguicula) – Barred Hook Tip
Cilix.
Glaucata (Spinula) – Chinese Character
DICRANURIDÆ.
Dicranura.
Bicuspis– Alder Kitten
Furcula– Sallow Kitten
Bifida– Poplar Kitten
Vinula– Puss
Stauropus.
Fagi– Lobster
NOTODONTIDÆ.
Glyphisia.
Crenata– Dusky Marbled Brown
Ptilophora.
Plumigera– Plumed Prominent
Pterostoma.
Palpina– Pale Prominent
Lophopteryx.
Camelina– Coxcomb Prominent
Cuculla (Cucullina) – Maple Prominent
Carmelita– Scarce Prominent
Notodonta.
Bicolor– White Prominent
Dictæa– Swallow Prominent
Dictæoides– Lesser Swallow Prominent
Dromedarius– Iron Prominent
Trilophus– Three-humped Prominent
Ziczac– Pebble Prominent
Trepida– Great Prominent
Trimacula (Dodonea) – Marbled Brown
Chaonia– Lunar Marbled Brown
PYGÆRIDÆ.
Phalera.
Bucephala– Buff Tip
Pygæra (Clostera).
Curtula– Chocolate Tip
Anachoreta– Scarce Chocolate Tip
Pigra (Reclusa) – Small Chocolate Tip
CYMATOPHORIDÆ.
Thyatira.
Derasa– Buff Arches
Batis– Peach Blossom
Cymatophora.
Octogesima (Ocularis) – Figure of Eighty
Or– Poplar Lutestring
Duplaris– Lesser Satin
Fluctuosa– Satin Carpet
Asphalia.
Diluta– Lesser Lutestring
Flavicornis– Yellow-horned
Ridens– Frosted Green
NOCTUÆ
BRYOPHILIDÆ.
Bryophila.
Algæ– Tree Lichen Beauty
Muralis (Glandifera) – Marbled (Mottled) Green
Par– Scarce Marbled Green
Perla– Marbled Beauty
BOMBYCOIDÆ.
Moma (Diphthera).
Orion– Scarce Marvel-du-jour
Demas.
Coryli– Nut-tree Tussock
Acronycta.
Tridens– Dark Dagger
Psi– Grey Dagger
Leporina– Miller
Aceris– Sycamore
Megacephala– Poplar Grey
Strigosa– Grisette
Alni– Alder
Ligustri– Coronet
Rumicis– Knot-grass
Auricoma– Scarce Dagger
Menyanthidis– Light Knot-grass
Euphorbiæ (Myricæ) – Sweet Gale
Diloba.
Cæruleocephala– Figure of Eight
Arsilonche.
Albovenosa (Venosa) – Powdered Wainscot
LEUCANIIDÆ.
Synia.
Musculosa– Brighton Wainscot
Leucania.
Conigera– Brown-line Bright-eye
Vitellina– Delicate
Turca– Double Line
Lithargyria– Clay
Albipuncta– White-point
Extranea– American Wainscot
Obsoleta– Obscure Wainscot
Putrescens– Devonshire Wainscot
Littoralis– Shore Wainscot
Impudens (Pudorina) – Striped Wainscot
Comma– Shoulder-striped Wainscot
Straminea– Southern Wainscot
Impura– Smoky Wainscot
Pallens– Common Wainscot
Calamia.
Phragmitidis– Fen Wainscot
Meliana.
Flammea– Flame Wainscot
Senta.
Maritima– Silky Wainscot
Cœnobia.
Rufa– Small Rufous
Tapinostola.
Fulva– Small Wainscot
Hellmanni– Mere Wainscot
Extrema (Concolor) – Concolorous Wainscot
Bondii– Bond's Wainscot
Elymi– Lyme Wainscot
Nonagria.
Cannæ– Reed Wainscot
Sparganii– Iris Wainscot
Arundinis (Typhæ) – Bullrush
Geminipuncta– Twin-spotted Wainscot
Neurica– Nerved Wainscot
Brevilinea– Fenn's Nonagria
Lutosa– Large Wainscot
APAMEIDÆ.
Gortyna.
Ochracea (Flavago) – Frosted Orange
Hydrœcia.
Nictitans– Golden Ear
Petasitis– Butter-bur
Micacea– Rosy Rustic
Axylia.
Putris – Flame
Xylophasia.
Rurea– Clouded-border Brindle
Lithoxylea– Light Arches
Sublustris– Reddish Light Arches
Monoglypha (Polyodon) – Dark Arches
Hepatica– Clouded Brindle
Scolopacina– Slender Clouded Brindle
Dipterygia.
Scabriuscula (Pinastri) – Bird's Wing
Cloantha.
Polyodon (Perspicillaris) – Purple Cloud
Aporophyla.
Australis– Feathered Brindle
Laphygma.
Exigua– Small Mottled Willow
Neuria.
Reticulata (Saponariæ) – Bordered Gothic
Neuronia.
Popularis– Feathered Gothic
Heliophobus.
Hispidus– Beautiful Gothic
Charæas.
Graminis– Antler
Pachetra.
Leucophæa– Feathered Ear
Cerigo.
Matura (Cytherea) – Straw Underwing
Luperina.
Testacea– Flounced Rustic
Dumerili– Dumeril's Luperina
Cespitis– Hedge Rustic
Mamestra.
Abjecta– Crescent Striped
Sordida (Anceps) – Large Nutmeg
Albicolon– White Colon
Furva– Confused
Brassicæ– Cabbage
Persicariæ– Dot
Apamea.
Basilinea– Rustic Shoulder Knot
Connexa– Union Rustic
Gemina– Dusky Brocade
Unanimis– Small Clouded Brindle
Ophiogramma– Double Lobed
Leucostigma (Fibrosa) – Crescent
Didyma (Oculea) – Common Rustic
Miana.
Strigilis– Marbled Minor
Fasciuncula– Middle-barred Minor
Literosa– Rosy Minor
Bicoloria (Furuncula) – Cloaked Minor
Arcuosa– Dotted Buff
Phothedes.
Captiuncula– Least Minor
Celæna.
Haworthii– Haworth's Minor
CARADRINIDÆ
Grammesia.
Trigrammica (Trilinea) – Treble Lines
Stilbia.
Anomala– Anomalous
Caradrina.
Morpheus– Mottled Rustic
Alsines– Uncertain
Taraxaci (Blanda) – Rustic
Ambigua– Ambiguous
Quadripunctata (Cubicularis) – Pale Mottled Willow
Acosmetia.
Caliginosa– Reddish Buff
Hydrilla.
Palustris– Marsh Moth
Rusina.
Tenebrosa– Brown Rustic
NOCTUIDÆ.
Agrotis.
Vestigialis (Valligera) – Archer's Dart
Puta– Shuttle-shaped Dart
Suffusa– Dark Sword Grass
Saucia– Pearly Underwing
Segetum– Common Dart (Turnip Moth)
Lunigera– Crescent Dart
Exclamationis– Heart and Dart
Corticea– Heart and Club
Cinerea– Light Feathered Rustic
Ripæ– Sand Dart
Cursoria– Coast Dart
Nigricans– Garden Dart
Tritici– White-line Dart
Aquilina– Streaked Dart
Obelisca– Square-spot Dart
Agathina– Heath Rustic
Strigula (Porphyrea) – True Lover's Knot
Præcox– Portland
Obscura (Ravida) – Stout Dart
Simulans (Pyrophila) – Dotted Rustic
Lucernea– Northern Rustic
Ashworthii– Ashworth's Rustic
Noctua.
Glareosa– Autumn Rustic
Depuncta– Plain Clay
Augur– Double Dot
Plecta– Flame Shoulder
Flammatra– Black Collar
C-Nigrum– Setaceous Hebrew Character
Ditrapezium– Triple-spotted Clay
Triangulum– Double-spotted Square-spot
Stigmatica (Rhomboidea) – Square-spotted Clay
Brunnea– Purple Clay
Festiva (Conflua) – Ingrailed Clay
Dahlii– Barred Chestnut
Subrosea– Rosy Marsh
Rubi– Small Square-spot
Umbrosa– Six-striped Rustic
Baia– Dotted Clay
Sobrina– Cousin German
Castanea (Neglecta) – Grey Rustic
Xanthographa– Square-spot Rustic
Triphæna.
Ianthina– Lesser Broad Border
Fimbria– Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing
Interjecta– Least Yellow Underwing
Orbona (Subsequa) – Lunar Yellow Underwing
Comes (Orbona) – Lesser Yellow Underwing
Pronuba– Large Yellow Underwing
AMPHIPYRIDÆ.
Amphipyra.
Pyramidea– Copper Underwing
Tragopogonis– Mouse
Mania.
Typica– Gothic
Maura– Old Lady
ORTHOSIIDÆ.
Panolis.
Piniperda– Pine Beauty
Pachnobia.
Leucographa– White-marked
Rubricosa– Red Chestnut
Hyperborea (Carnica) – Mountain Rustic
Tæniocampa.
Gothica– Hebrew Character
Incerta (Instabilis) – Clouded Drab
Opima– Northern Drab
Populeti– Lead-coloured Drab
Stabilis– Common Quaker
Gracilis– Powdered Quaker
Miniosa– Blossom Underwing
Munda– Twin-spotted Quaker
Pulverulenta (Cruda) – Small Quaker
Orthosia.
Suspecta– Suspected
Upsilon– Dismal
Lota– Red-lined Quaker
Macilenta– Yellow-lined Quaker
Anchocelis.
Rufina– Flounced Chestnut
Pistacina– Beaded Chestnut
Lunosa– Lunar Underwing
Litura– Brown-spot Pinion
Cerastis (Glæa).
Vaccinii– Chestnut
Spadicea– Dark Chestnut
Erythrocephala– Red-headed
Scopelosoma.
Satellitia– Satellite
Dasycampa.
Rubiginea– Dotted Chestnut
Oporina.
Croceago– Orange Upperwing
Xanthia.
Citrago– Orange Sallow
Fulvago (Cerago) – Sallow
Flavago (Silago) – Pink-barred Sallow
Aurago– Barred Sallow
Gilvago– Dusky Lemon Sallow
Circellaris (Ferruginea) – Brick
Cirrhœdia.
Xerampelina– Centre-barred Sallow
COSMIIDÆ.
Tethea.
Subtusa– Olive
Retusa– Double Kidney
Cosmia (Euperia).
Paleacea (Fulvago) – Angle-striped Sallow
Dicycla.
Oo– Heart Moth
Calymnia.
Trapezina– Dun-bar
Pyralina– Lunar-spotted Pinion
Diffinis– White-spotted Pinion
Affinis– Lesser-spotted Pinion
HADENIDÆ.
Eremobia.
Ochroleuca– Dusky Sallow
Dianthœcia.
Luteago (Barretti) – Barrett's Marbled Coronet
Cæsia– Grey Marbled Coronet
Nana (Conspersa) – Marbled Coronet
Albimacula– White Spot
Compta– The Shears
Capsincola– Lychnis
Cucubali– Campion
Carpophaga– Tawny Shears
Capsophila– Pod-lover
Irregularis (Echii) – Viper's Bugloss
Hecatera.
Chrysozona (Dysodea) – Small Ranunculus
Serena– Broad-barred White
Polia.
Chi– Grey Chi
Flavicincta– Large Ranunculus
Xanthomista (Nigrocincta) – Black-banded
Dasypolia.
Templi– Brindled Ochre
Epunda.
Lichenea– Feathered Ranunculus
Lutulenta– Deep-brown Dart
Nigra– Black Rustic
Cleoceris.
Viminalis– Minor Shoulder-knot
Valeria.
Oleagina– Green-brindled Dot
Miselia.
Oxyacanthæ– Green-brindled Crescent
Bimaculosa– Crescent
Agriopis.
Aprilina– Marvel-du-jour
Euplexia.
Lucipara– Small Angle-shades
Phlogophora.
Meticulosa– Angle-shades
Trigonophora.
Flammea (Empyrea) – Flame Brocade
Aplecta.
Prasina (Herbida) – Green Arches
Occulta– Great Brocade
Nebulosa– Grey Arches
Tincta– Silvery Arches
Advena– Pale Shining Brown
Crymodes.
Exulis (Assimilis) – Northern Arches
Hadena.
Porphyrea (Satura) – Beautiful Brocade
Adusta– Dark Brocade
Protea– Brindled Green
Glauca– Glaucous Shears
Dentina– Grey Shears
Trifolii (Chenopodii) – Nutmeg
Atriplicis– Orache
Dissimilis (Suasa) – Dog's Tooth
Oleracea– Bright-line Brown-eye
Pisi– Broom
Thalassina– Pale-shouldered Brocade
Contigua– Beautiful Brocade
Genistæ– Light Brocade
Rectilinea– Saxon
XYLINIDÆ.
Xylocampa.
Areola (Lithoriza) – Early Grey
Xylomiges.
Conspicillaris– Silver Cloud
Calocampa.
Vetusta– Red Sword Grass
Exoleta– Sword Grass
Solidaginis– Golden-rod Brindled
Xylina.
Ornithopus (Rhizolitha) – Grey Shoulder Knot
Semibrunnea– Tawny Pinion
Socia (Petrificata) – Pale Pinion
Furcifera (Conformis) – Conformist
Lambda– Nonconformist
Asteroscopus.
Nubeculosa– Rannoch Sprawler
Sphinx (Cassinea) – Sprawler
Cucullia.
Verbasci– Mullein Shark
Scrophulariæ– Betony Shark
Lychnitis– Lychnis Shark
Asteris– Starwort Shark
Gnaphalii– Cudweed Shark
Absinthii– Wormwood Shark
Chamomillæ– Chamomile Shark
Umbratica– Shark
GONOPTERIDÆ.
Gonoptera.
Libatrix– Herald
PLUSIIDÆ.
Habrostola.
Tripartita (Urticæ) – Light Spectacle
Triplasia– Dark Spectacle
Plusia.
Chryson (Orichalcea) – Scarce Burnished Brass
Chrysitis– Burnished Brass
Bractea– Gold Spangled
Festucæ– Gold Spot
Iota– Plain Golden Y
Pulchrina– Beautiful Golden Y
Gamma– Silver Y
Interrogationis– Scarce Silver Y
HELIOTHIDÆ.
Anarta.
Melanopa– Broad-bordered White Underwing
Cordigera– Small Dark Yellow Underwing
Myrtilli– Beautiful Yellow Underwing
Heliaca (Heliodes).
Tenebrata (Arbuti) – Small Yellow Underwing
Heliothis.
Dipsacea– Marbled Clover
Scutosa– Rare Marbled Clover
Peltigera– Bordered Straw
Armigera– Scarce Bordered Straw
Chariclea.
Umbra (Marginata) – Bordered Sallow
ACONTIIDÆ.
