Buch lesen: «At Freddie’s»
At Freddie’s
Penelope Fitzgerald
From the reviews of At Freddie’s
‘The wit is crisp and dry, scenes and characters are deftly skewered. Whether you view the theatre as a noble passion or a wasting disease, you are equally certain to be regaled.’
Guardian
‘Enjoy the knowingness of the awful children, the weary fumblings of the professional actors, the constant witticisms at the expense of pretentious directors. An enjoyable, sharp novel … a delicious refreshment.’
Margaret Forster
Contents
Cover
Title Page
From the reviews of At Freddie’s
Penelope Fitzgerald: Preface by Hermione Lee, Advisory Editor
Introduction
Dedication
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
By the Same Author
Copyright
About the Publisher
Penelope Fitzgerald
Preface by Hermione Lee, Advisory Editor
When Penelope Fitzgerald unexpectedly won the Booker Prize with Offshore, in 1979, at the age of sixty-three, she said to her friends: ‘I knew I was an outsider.’ The people she wrote about in her novels and biographies were outsiders, too: misfits, romantic artists, hopeful failures, misunderstood lovers, orphans and oddities. She was drawn to unsettled characters who lived on the edges. She wrote about the vulnerable and the unprivileged, children, women trying to cope on their own, gentle, muddled, unsuccessful men. Her view of the world was that it divided into ‘exterminators’ and ‘exterminatees’. She would say: ‘I am drawn to people who seem to have been born defeated or even profoundly lost.’ She was a humorous writer with a tragic sense of life.
Outsiders in literature were close to her heart, too. She was fond of underrated, idiosyncratic writers with distinctive voices, like the novelist J. L. Carr, or Harold Monro of the Poetry Bookshop, or the remarkable and tragic poet Charlotte Mew. The publisher Virago’s enterprise of bringing neglected women writers back to life appealed to her, and under their imprint she championed the nineteenth-century novelist Margaret Oliphant. She enjoyed eccentrics like Stevie Smith. She liked writers, and people, who stood at an odd angle to the world. The child of an unusual, literary, middle-class English family, she inherited the Evangelical principles of her bishop grandfathers and the qualities of her Knox father and uncles: integrity, austerity, understatement, brilliance and a laconic, wry sense of humour.
She did not expect success, though she knew her own worth. Her writing career was not a usual one. She began publishing late in her life, around sixty, and in twenty years she published nine novels, three biographies and many essays and reviews. She changed publisher four times when she started publishing, before settling with Collins, and she never had an agent to look after her interests, though her publishers mostly became her friends and advocates. She was a dark horse, whose Booker Prize, with her third novel, was a surprise to everyone. But, by the end of her life, she had been shortlisted for it several times, had won a number of other British prizes, was a well-known figure on the literary scene, and became famous, at eighty, with the publication of The Blue Flower and its winning, in the United States, the National Book Critics Circle Award.
Yet she always had a quiet reputation. She was a novelist with a passionate following of careful readers, not a big name. She wrote compact, subtle novels. They are funny, but they are also dark. They are eloquent and clear, but also elusive and indirect. They leave a great deal unsaid. Whether she was drawing on the experiences of her own life – working for the BBC in the Blitz, helping to make a go of a small-town Suffolk bookshop, living on a leaky barge on the Thames in the 1960s, teaching children at a stage school – or, in her last four great novels, going back in time and sometimes out of England to historical periods which she evoked with astonishing authenticity – she created whole worlds with striking economy. Her books inhabit a small space, but seem, magically, to reach out beyond it.
After her death at eighty-three, in 2000, there might have been a danger of this extraordinary voice fading away into silence and neglect. But she has been kept from oblivion by her executors and her admirers. The posthumous publication of her stories, essays and letters is now being followed by a biography (Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life, by Hermione Lee, Chatto & Windus, 2013), and by these very welcome reissues of her work. The fine writers who have provided introductions to these new editions show what a distinguished following she has. I hope that many new readers will now discover, and fall in love with, the work of one of the most spellbinding English novelists of the twentieth century.
Introduction
I first encountered At Freddie’s – and its author – in curious, rather Penelopean (or should that be Fitzgeraldian?) circumstances. Sometime in 1987, I received a letter from a certain Jerry Epstein, hitherto unknown to me, telling me to get in touch with him, when I would hear something to my advantage. He had, he told me, acquired the rights to At Freddie’s, and he believed that I (who had never written or directed a film before) was the ideal – the only – person to write and direct it. Jerry was short, bearded and oddly shapeless, like a lump of clay abandoned by the sculptor before he had completed his task, but enthusiasm and big laughter exploded out of him. It turned out that he had directed a well-regarded film of Elmer Rice’s 1923 play The Adding Machine, but his great claim to fame was that he had been Charlie Chaplin’s last producer; he made everything seem not only possible, but imminent. I walked away from the meeting thinking that Orson Welles’s mantle of actor-director-writer was about to descend on me, and set about reading the book, and everything else by its author that I could get my hands on.
Is there any pleasure greater than discovering a writer of whose existence you have been unaware, but who turns out to be absolutely on your wavelength? It’s like making a new friend. No, it is making a new friend, and Penelope Fitzgerald was immediately my new best friend. In particular, At Freddie’s (1982) might have been written for me personally, I felt. It distilled an aspect of the theatre for which I have always had a special affection: the shabby, peripheral hinterland of the stage, away from the great triumphs and the brightest lights, its denizens, obliquely touched by association with that glamorous world, doing their plucky best to impersonate their famous originals, on stage and in life. This hinterland is an essential part of the theatre’s ecology, and Miss Fitzgerald had miraculously captured the feel of it in her gallery of B-list theatrical characters: quirky, touching, their hopes and dreams all doomed but all nonetheless lit up by their devotion to the idea of the theatre. As in many of her novels that I had just gobbled up, in At Freddie’s Miss Fitzgerald purveyed a most unusual quality, an admiring affection for the peccadilloes and eccentricities of the people she had created which amounted to a sort of understated, wry romanticism. I could scarcely wait to turn it into a film which, though scarcely aspiring to blockbuster status, might illuminate a unique corner of human experience within a deliciously shabby theatrical frame, like a peeling proscenium arch. I duly knocked off a treatment which sought to recreate that world before the great juggernauts of theatre – the National Theatre and the Royal Shakespeare Company – had loomed into view, in a Covent Garden (where most of the action is set) which was still a flower and vegetable market, its destiny as a tourist trap not yet even dimly glimpsed.
My collaboration with Jerry Epstein was not without its conflicts. They hinged on one fundamental difference: I wanted to film Fitzgerald’s book in all its loving subtleties, whereas Jerry saw it as a mere starting point for a series of generic scenes, broad comic sketches and vaguely transatlantic sentimentality. I could never quite understand why he had approached me to be his collaborator. After each script meeting at which he would enthusiastically acclaim my every suggestion, I would laboriously write them up and despatch them to him (no laptops, then, no email). He would phone me with tears in his voice to tell me how fabulous every etched line of mine was, what a natural screenwriter, what a superbly human and insightful artist I was. He would just have my clumsily bashed-out pages typed up into proper movie-script format and we’d be ready to go. An impressively authentic-seeming screenplay would duly arrive on my doormat bearing not even a vague resemblance to anything I – or indeed Penelope Fitzgerald – had written.
At some point he arranged for me to meet the admired and now increasingly popular novelist. He decided, to my considerable relief, that it would be better if we were to meet without him. For some reason we ended up in the old Palm Court of the Waldorf Hotel in Aldwych, not far, as it happens, from the purported location of the school and next door to the theatre where the novel’s climactic scene is set. The Palm Court suited Penelope very well, the sedate choreography of the participants in the thé dansant belying what she assured me were smouldering adulterous liaisons. She was middle-aged, delicate-featured, fragrant, her attire pastel-hued and floral-patterned; her all-seeing eyes a little dreamy, almost veiled, her smile witty. There was nothing even remotely theatrical about her. She answered all my questions about the experiences that had led to the writing of the book, above all her time as an English teacher at the Italia Conti stage school, but it was very clear that – just as she had with the BBC in her exquisite earlier novel Human Voices – she had distilled and enriched her material to create an essence of a very quirky organisation, evoking both its absurdity and its splendour. In the case of At Freddie’s, she had osmotically understood something of the theatre’s compromised mystery, its tawdry power.
She observes with an insider’s eye, though as I now discovered she was not an insider at all. A remarkable gift of empathy, or perhaps even of identification, informs her portrait of a now long-vanished world of dashing but feckless leading men, of gin-sodden classical actors, of theatrical garden parties, now just part of the collective unconscious of the theatre. Absurdly pretentious directors and nauseatingly precocious child actors, on the other hand, remain with us, and no doubt always will. As will genuine talent, to which Fitzgerald pays beautiful homage in the figure of the boy genius, Jonathan Kemp. In her central character, the eponymous Freddie, she has created an archetype, a force of nature, a sort of Mother Courage of juvenile stage schools, endlessly adapting in order to survive. Fitzgerald has no sentimentality about Freddie, though she admires her indomitability: by the last chapter, the old baggage rises above everything and everyone, ruthless and heartless to the end. The grit that so unexpectedly surfaces in Fitzgerald’s exquisitely wrought fictions is right at the heart of At Freddie’s.
I offered the part of Freddie to Alec Guinness, who was tempted but finally declined on the grounds that he thought he’d done enough drag in his career. Instead, I wrote up the part of Ernest Valentine, the old actor-laddie, for him, embroidering it with stories that Alec himself had told me about crumbling old thespians of his youth. I think he might have done it, too, but Jerry somehow never managed to raise any capital. I never knew, of course, which version of the script he had sent to potential backers – his Disney version, Hilarious!!!! and Heartbreaking!!!!, or the altogether more demure, harsher and mysterious Fitzgerald–Callow take. He only gave up on At Freddie’s reluctantly, but he did give up, and I never found a backer who could see any commercial potential in the project.
I saw Penelope a few times during the period of gestation of the screenplay, and then, later, we had an exchange of letters over her superb novel, The Gate of Angels, which I recorded. Writing to me after hearing the recording she thanked me for ‘making it sound a much better novel than I remember having written’. The later work was of exceptional power, complexity and resonance, but At Freddie’s is a superb achievement, simply as a novel in its own right, and, as one of the tiny handful of great theatre novels, up there with Michael Blakemore’s Next Season, Priestley’s Lost Empires and Michael Redgrave’s The Mountebank’s Tale; like them, it is precise about the theatre’s workings and profound about its meaning. I still long to film it.
Simon Callow
2013
Dedication
To Freddie
1
IT must have been 1963, because the musical of Dombey & Son was running at the Alexandra, and it must have been the autumn, because it was surely some time in October that a performance was seriously delayed because two of the cast had slipped and hurt themselves in B dressing-room corridor, and the reason for that was that the floor appeared to be flooded with something sticky and glutinous. The flood had been initiated by one of the younger boys in the chorus. He had discovered a way to interfere with the mechanism of the B corridor coffee-machine so that it failed to respond to the next fifty sixpences put into it. The defect was reported, but the responsibility for it was argued between the safety manager and Catering. When the next coin was put in the machine produced, with a terrible pang, fifty-one plastic cups, and then heaved and outpoured its load of milky liquid.
At eleven years old, Mattie could not have hoped for a better result. The production manager said that he must go. These quaint tricks were for leading players only, and even then only at the end of a long run.
‘This is the third bit of trouble we’ve had with him, we shall have to send him back.’
The casting director thought there were three weeks of his contract to run. The GLC, mercifully perhaps, only allowed children to appear in commercial productions for three months on end.
‘No, not in three weeks, we’re returning him at once good as new, they’ll have to send us another one. Where did you get him from?’
‘Freddie’s.’
Both wavered. The casting director told his assistant to notify the Temple Stage School. The assistant spoke to his deputy.
‘Perhaps you’d better go and see her.’
The assistant was surprised, having studied a casual style.
‘Won’t it do if I phone her?’
‘Perhaps, if you’re good at it.’
‘Where will she be then?’
‘Freddie? At Freddie’s.’
‘I’m afraid you’ll have to speak a little more clearly, dear. It comes with training … you can’t have rung me up to complain about a joke, an actor’s joke, nothing like them to bring a little good luck, why do you think Mr O’Toole put ice in the dressing-room showers at the Vic? That was for his Hamlet, dear, to bring good luck for his Hamlet. I’m not sure how old O’Toole would be, Mattie will be twelve at the end of November, if you want to record his voice, by the way, you’d better do it at once, I can detect just a little roughening, just the kind of thing that frightens choirmasters, scares them out of the organ-lofts, you know. I expect the child thought it would be fun to see someone fall over … two of them detained in Casualties, which of them would that be, John Wilkinson and Ronald Tate, yes, they were both of them here, dear, I’ll send Miss Blewett round to see them if they’re laid up, she can take them a few sweets, they’re fond of those … I suppose they’d be getting on for thirty now … well, dear, I’ve enjoyed our chat within its limits, but you must get the casting director for me now, or wait, I’ll speak to the senior house manager first … tell him that Freddie wants a word with him.’
The senior house manager came almost at once. Having intended to say, and for some reason not said, that all this had absolutely nothing to do with him, he summoned indignation in place of self-respect and spoke of what had come to his ears and not knowing what might happen next, also of possible damage to the recovered seats, and the new carpeting which had recently been laid down in every part of the house.
‘What became of the old chair covers?’ Freddie interrupted. ‘What of the old carpets?’
The manager said that this was a matter for his staff. It seemed, however, that the Temple School, with its forty years of Shakespearean training, was carrying on the old traditions in a state not far from destitution, with crippled furniture, undraped windows, and floors bare to the point of indecency, and it was not to be believed that a prosperous theatre like the Alexandra would stand by and watch such things happen without giving a helping hand. The manager knew what was happening to him, even though it was for the first time, for he had heard it described by others. He was being Freddied, or, alternatively, Shakespeare would have been pleased, dear-ed, although the phrase had not passed between them. Thirty-seven minutes later he had agreed to send the old covers and carpeting round to the Temple, on indefinite loan. He felt unwell. Weakmindedness makes one feel as poorly as any other over-indulgence.
Everyone who knew the Temple School will remember the distinctive smell of Freddie’s office. Not precisely disagreeable, it suggested a church vestry where old clothes hang and flowers moulder in the sink, but respect is called for just the same. It was not a place for seeing clearly. Light, in the morning, entered at an angle, through a quantity of dust. When the desk lamp was switched on at length the circle of light, although it repelled outsiders, was weak. Freddie herself, to anyone who was summoned into the room, appeared in the shadow of her armchair as a more solid piece of darkness. Only a chance glint struck from her spectacles and the rim of great semi-precious brooches, pinned on at random. Even her extent was uncertain, since the material of her skirts and the chair seemed much the same. The covers from the Alexandra, of drab crimson with bald patches, were put on to the furniture as soon as they arrived, but made, after all, little difference. Opposite was another, much smaller, armchair, which, though Freddie kept no pets, gave the impression that a dog had just been sitting in it. Placed there, the caller had to meet Freddie’s eyes, which, though not at all bright – they were of a pale boiled blue – expressed an interest so keen as to approach disbelief. The face, like the ample skirt, was creased with lines, as though both had been crumpled together at the same time. What might a good ironing not reveal?
Although Freddie usually began by saying something gracious, the caller’s first instinct was that of self-preservation, or even to make sure that the door, now to the rear, could be reached in a hurry. Yet in fact no one left before they had to. The margin between alarm and fascination was soon crossed. Partly it was her voice, a croak suggestive of long suffering, which adjusted itself little by little, as though any difficulties were worthwhile, to caressing flattery. This flattery usually saved Freddie money. – I hope you don’t mind the room being rather cold, I don’t notice it myself while I’m talking to you – knowing that this kind of thing could be seen through, but that in itself constituted a further flattery. Certainly she could create her own warmth, a glow like the very first effects of alcohol. As to what she wanted, no mystery was made. She wanted to get the advantage, but on the other hand human beings interested her so much that it must always be an advantage to meet another one. When she smiled there was a certain lopsidedness, the shade of a deformity, or, it could be, the aftermath of a slight stroke. Freddie never tried to conceal this – Take a good look – she advised her pupils – I’m not nearly so amusing as you’re going to be when you imitate me. – But the smile itself was priceless in its benevolence, and in its amusement that benevolence could still exist. One had to smile with her, perhaps regretting it later.
Her shabbiness was a grossly unfair reproach. Her devotion to the things of the spirit was a menace. The trouble, of course, was that she never asked anything exactly for herself. Why, after all, had the Alexandra parted with so many lengths of rep and velvet? Why did the Royal Opera House, at every end-of-season auction, allow so much indulgence to bids from the Temple School? Why was Freddie represented – looking just the same, even with the same skirt and brooches – alongside of the Great Stars of All Time on the safety-curtain of the Palladium? Why, again, was Mattie allowed to go on working in Dombey & Son? Only because Freddie cared so much, and so relentlessly, for the theatre, where, beyond all other worlds, love given is love returned. Insane directors, perverted columnists cold as a fish, bankrupt promoters, players incapable from drink, have all forgiven each other and been forgiven, and will be, until the last theatre goes dark, because they loved the profession. And of Freddie – making a large assumption – they said: her heart is in it.
She must have had origins. Even for Freddie there must have been some explanation. It was understood that she was born in 1890, and was a vicar’s daughter. Some periods of her life were not well explained. A fading photograph on the wall showed her in the streets of Manchester, apparently raising the banner of the Suffragette Movement. But who was the male figure to her right, in a half-threatening attitude, with his foot on the pedal of a tandem bicycle? Was it then, perhaps, that she had had her stroke? A later photograph, with Freddie in breeches and puttees, was much clearer. She was hoeing turnips to make into jam for the men in the trenches. Certainly she had left her job as a Land Girl in the following year, 1917, and come to London to join the staff of the Old Vic. That meant working for the formidable Lilian Baylis, who had taken over the place five years earlier as a temperance coffee house in a disreputable quarter, and had turned it into a Shakespearean theatre for the people. Miss Baylis declared that she was not educated and not a lady, and did only what God told her to. Her staff were warned that they would have no home life of any kind. Her audiences, broken in to the hard seats, were entirely loyal. Her theatre was so uncomfortable and so deeply loved that it was believed that the British public would never allow it to close. She was the Lady of the Vic, almost the only person of whom Freddie spoke with respect.
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