В 1880 году имел место спор о природе романа между Генри Джеймсом и Уолтером Безантом (в этот спор вмешался также Роберт Льюис Стивенсон), в котором классицистское видение столкнулось с беспокойным настроением, отмечавшим наличие новой реальности, подлежащей исследованию и изложению на странице. Безант напоминал: в то время как жизнь «чудовищна, бесконечна, нелогична, непредвиденна и судорожна», произведение искусства должно быть, напротив, «точным, ограниченным,

self-contained*, плавным». Возражая на это, Джеймс утверждал: «Человечество необъятно, реальность воплощена в мириадах форм; и самое большее, что здесь можно утверждать, - это то, что многие цветы

повествования обладают этим ароматом, тогда как другие им не обладают.

Но указывать кому-либо, как ему составить свой букет, - это дело совсем другое… Опыт никогда не является законченным, он никогда не завершается: это нечто вроде огромной паутины, сотканной из тончайших шёлковых нитей, висящей в комнате сознания и готовой задержать в своей ткани любую частичку воздуха. Такова подлинная атмосфера духа; когда дух готов к фантазии (а тем более в том случае, если речь идёт о человеке гениальном), он вбирает сам в себя даже самые слабые намёки жизни и превращает колебания воздуха в откровения» .Культурная атмосфера, которой проникнуты эти фразы Генри Джеймса, напоминает скорее теории юного Стивена, нежели поэтику «Улисса». Но в художнической биографии Джеймса вышеупомянутый спор происходит в промежутке между «The American»* (написанным в 1887 году) и последующими романами, в которых всё яснее будет воплощаться та поэтика точки зрения, перед которой будет в долгу вся современная повествовательная литература, включая Джойса.

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Иногда я задаюсь вопросом: не пишу ли романы только для того, чтобы позволить себе эти отсылки, понятные лишь мне самому?

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Андрей Коваль