Butterflies and Moths (British)

Sugaring is likely to pay well this month, and many moths may be attracted by light. Tree trunks and fences should be well examined.

Pupæ may certainly be taken, but unless the collector is particularly desirous of obtaining the pupæ of insects known to be now passing through that stage, he will probably do better by looking after imagines.

Larvæ, however, may well receive a little attention, providing the setting of butterflies and moths leave a little leisure for other employments. Beating by day, and searching by both day and night, even if carried on only occasionally, will probably supply you with as many species as you can accommodate in your glasses and cages.

The butterflies of the month are:

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Black-veined White (Cratægi)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Dark Green Fritillary (Aglaia)

High Brown Fritillary (Adippe)

Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)

Heath Fritillary (Athalia)

Comma (C-Album)

Large Tortoiseshell (Polychloros)

Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)

Peacock (Io)

Painted Lady (Cardui)

White Admiral (Sibylla)

Purple Emperor (Iris)

Marbled White (Galatea)

Northern Brown (Æthiops)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Grayling (Semele)

Meadow Brown (Ianira)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Ringlet (Hyperanthes)

Marsh Ringlet (Typhon)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Brown Hairstreak (Betulæ)

White-letter Hairstreak (W-Album)

Dark Hairstreak (Pruni)

Purple Hairstreak (Quercus)

Green Hairstreak (Rubi)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Silver-studded Blue (Ægon)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)

Small Blue (Minima)

Large Blue (Arion)

Small Skipper (Thaumas)

New Small Skipper (Lineola)

The moths of July include the following species:

Sphinges.

Privet Hawk (Ligustri)

Bedstraw Hawk (Galii)

Eyed Hawk (Ocellatus)

Poplar Hawk (Populi)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

Hornet Clearwing of Poplar (Apiformis)

Hornet Clearwing of Osier (Crabroniformis)

Welsh Clearwing (Scoliiformis)

Red-belted Clearwing (Myopiformis)

Red-tipped Clearwing (Formiciformis)

Six-belted Clearwing (Ichneumoniformis)

Genus Ino

Burnets (Trifolii, Loniceræ and Filipendulæ)

Bombyces.

Tortrix (Undulanus)

Large Green Silver-lined (Bicolorana)

Short-cloaked (Cucullatella)

Most of the family Lithosiidæ

Tiger (Caia)

Ruby Tiger (Fuliginosa)

Buff Ermine (Lubricipeda)

White Ermine (Menthastri)

Wood Swift (Sylvanus)

Northern Swift (Velleda)

Goat Moth (Ligniperda)

Leopard (Pyrina)

Brown Tail (Chrysorrhœa)

Yellow Tail (Similis)

Satin (Salicis)

Reed Tussock (Cœnosa)

Black Arches (Monacha)

Vapourer (Antiqua)

Lackey (Neustria)

Ground Lackey (Castrensis)

Oak Eggar (Quercus)

Drinker (Potatoria)

Sallow Kitten (Furcula)

Poplar Kitten (Bifida)

Lobster (Fagi)

Pale Prominent (Palpina)

Coxcomb Prominent (Camelina)

Buff Tip (Bucephala)

Buff Arches (Derasa)

Peach Blossom (Batis)

Figure of Eighty (Octogesima)

Poplar Lutestring (Or)

Lesser Satin (Duplaris)

Noctuæ.

Marbled Green (Muralis)

Marbled Beauty (Perla)

Grey Dagger (Psi)

Miller (Leporina)

Poplar Grey (Megacephala)

Grisette (Strigosa)

Coronet (Ligustri)

Knot Grass (Rumicis)

Scarce Dagger (Auricoma)

Light Knot Grass (Menyanthidis)

Brown Line Bright Eye (Conigera)

Double Line (Turca)

Clay (Lithargyria)

Wainscots (Littoralis, Impudens, Comma, Impura, Pallens, Phragmitidis, Maritima, Rufa, Bondii, Neurica)

Ear Moth (Nictitans)

Flame (Putris)

Genus Xylophasia

Antler (Graminis)

Straw Underwing (Matura)

Most of Genus Mamestra

Genus Miana

Haworth's Minor (Haworthii)

Treble Lines (Trigrammica)

Genus Caradrina

Brown Rustic (Tenebrosa)

Archer's Dart (Vestigialis)

Pearly Underwing (Saucia)

Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)

Heart and Club (Corticea)

Sand Dart (Ripæ)

Coast Dart (Cursoria)

Garden Dart (Nigricans)

Streaked Dart (Aquilina)

True Lover's Knot (Strigula)

Stout Dart (Obscura)

Dotted Rustic (Simulans)

Northern Rustic (Lucernea)

Ashworth's Rustic (Ashworthii)

Most of Genus Noctua

Genus Triphæna

Copper Underwing (Pyramidea)

Mouse (Tragopogonis)

Old Lady (Maura)

Suspected (Suspecta)

Dismal (Upsilon)

Olive (Subtusa)

Genus Calymnia

Dusky Sallow (Ochroleuca)

Marbled Coronet (Nana)

Genus Hecatera

Minor Shoulder Knot (Viminalis)

Small Angle Shades (Lucipara)

Genus Aplecta

Dark Brocade (Adusta)

Shears (Dentina)

Nutmeg (Trifolii)

Pale-shouldered Brocade (Thalassina)

Silver Cloud (Conspicillaris)

Lychnis Shark (Lychnitis)

Wormwood Shark (Absinthii)

Family Plusiidæ

Beautiful Yellow Underwing (Myrtilli)

Marbled Clover (Dipsacea)

Four-spotted (Luctuosa)

Rosy Marbled (Venustula)

Marbled White-spot (Fasciana)

Small Purple-barred (Viridaria)

Red Underwing (Nupta)

Light Crimson Underwing (Promissa)

Dark Crimson Underwing(Sponsa)

New Black-neck (Craccæ)

Family Herminiidæ

Family Hypenidæ

Geometræ.

Swallow-tail (Sambucaria)

Dark-bordered Beauty (Parallelaria)

Bordered Beauty (Apiciaria)

Orange (Prunaria)

Light Emerald (Margaritaria)

Barred Red (Prosapiaria)

Lilac Beauty (Syringaria)

Early Thorn (Bilunaria)

Scalloped Oak (Elinguaria)

Genus Cleora

Genus Boarmia

Annulet (Obscuraria)

Scotch Annulet (Obfuscaria)

Black Mountain Moth (Coracina)

Family Geometridæ

Golden-bordered Purple (Muricata)

Waved Carpet (Sylvata)

Dingy Shell (Obliterata)

Welsh Wave (Cambrica)

Most of the Acidaliæ

Blood Vein (Amataria)

Family Macariidæ

Latticed Heath (Clathrata)

Bordered Grey (Ericetaria)

Common Heath (Atomaria)

Rest Harrow (Ononaria)

Vestal (Sacraria)

Grass Wave (Strigillaria)

Family Zerenidæ

Twin-spot Carpet (Didymata)

Grey Mountain Carpet (Cæsiata)

Yellow-ringed Carpet (Flavicinctata)

Beech-green Carpet (Olivata)

Green Carpet (Viridaria)

Genus Emmelesia

Pugs (Linariata, Oblongata, Succenturiata, Pernotata, Isogrammaria, Virgaureata, Innotata, Subnotata, Absinthiata, Tenuiata, Subciliata, Rectangulata)

Chestnut-coloured Carpet (Simulata)

Shaded Broad Bar (Variata)

Pine Carpet (Firmata)

July High-flier (Sordidata)

Genus Melanthia

Genus Melanippe

Flame (Rubidata)

Red Carpet (Munitata)

Large Twin-spot Carpet (Quadrifasciaria)

Yellow Shell (Bilineata)

Fern (Tersata)

Oblique Carpet (Vittata)

Many-lined (Polygrammata)

Dark Umber (Rhamnata)

Short-cloak Carpet (Picata)

Marsh Carpet (Sagittata)

Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)

Dark Marbled Carpet (Immanata)

Netted Carpet (Reticulata)

Phœnix (Prunata)

Chevron (Testata)

Northern Spinach (Populata)

Barred Yellow (Fulvata)

Barred Straw (Dotata)

Spinach (Associata)

Dark Spinach (Comitata)

Small Mallow (Limitata)

Belle (Plumbaria)

 

Chalk Carpet (Bipunctaria)

Oblique-striped (Virgata)

Manchester Treble Bar (Paludata)

Treble Bar (Plagiata)

Pale Grey Carpet (Griseata)

Chimney Sweep (Atrata)

AUGUST

Although there is a very appreciable falling off in the number of species on the wing during August, yet there remains plenty of work for the lepidopterist.

Many of the butterflies of July continue to fly during the whole or part of this month, and several fresh species commence their flight. August, too, may be looked upon as the month for second broods, and an opportunity now arises for searching for some of the species that were missed at the time of their early appearance in May. Clover and lucerne fields should be well worked.

A few Sphinges and a number of the Bombyces are still on the wing. The Noctuæ are on the decrease, but there are yet nearly a hundred species (including the rarer ones) at large.

These last may be taken at sugar in considerable numbers, and it is interesting to note that two of the Vanessas (Atalanta and Cardui) may be caught sipping on your baited trees during the daytime.

Geometræ and Micros fall off very considerably this month, but these, as well as moths of the other groups, may be taken from tree trunks and palings. Light traps may also be used with much success during August.

Fallen fruits should be examined for the larvæ that feed within them; and late in the month ripe fruit will supply food to the lovers of sweets.

Ivy blossom should be well worked at night; and clover and lucerne fields form admirable hunting grounds for moths at night, especially just after rain.

Larvæ are to be obtained in abundance by beating and searching, the latter process being conducted by night as well as by day.

The following is the list of imagines for August:

Butterflies.

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Bath White (Daplidice)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Pale Clouded Yellow (Hyale)

Clouded Yellow (Edusa)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Queen of Spain (Latona)

Dark Green Fritillary (Aglaia)

High Brown Fritillary (Adippe)

Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)

Genus Vanessa

White Admiral (Sibylla)

Purple Emperor (Iris)

Marbled White (Galatea)

Northern Brown (Æthiops)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Wall (Megæra)

Grayling (Semele)

Meadow Brown (Ianira)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Brown Hairstreak (Betulæ)

Purple Hairstreak (Quercus)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Tailed Blue (Bætica)

Silver-studded Blue (Ægon)

Brown Argus (Astrarche)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Clifden Blue (Bellargus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)

Dingy Skipper (Tages)

New Small Skipper (Lineola)

Lulworth Skipper (Actæon)

Large Skipper (Sylvanus)

Silver-spotted Skipper (Comma)

Sphinges.

Death's-head Hawk (Atropos)

Convolvulus Hawk (Convolvuli)

Bedstraw Hawk (Galii)

Striped Hawk (Livornica)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

Red-tipped Clearwing (Formiciformis)

Six-belted Clearwing (Ichneumoniformis)

Bombyces.

Round-winged Muslin (Senex)

Muslin (Mundana)

Footmen (Muscerda, Lutarella, Griseola)

Wood Swift (Sylvanus)

Brown Tail (Chrysorrhœa)

Yellow Tail (Similis)

Satin (Salicis)

Gipsy (Dispar)

Black Arches (Monacha)

Vapourer (Antiqua)

Lackey (Neustria)

Ground Lackey (Castrensis)

Oak Eggar (Quercus)

Grass Eggar (Trifolii)

Drinker (Potatoria)

Hook Tips (Lacertinaria, Falcataria, Binaria, Cultraria)

Chinese Character (Glaucata)

Sallow Kitten (Furcula)

Poplar Kitten (Bifida)

Prominents (Camelina, Trilophus, Ziczac)

Lesser Lutestring (Diluta)

Noctuæ.

Marbled Green (Muralis)

Marbled Beauty (Perla)

Grey Dagger (Psi)

Scarce Dagger (Auricoma)

Wainscots (Musculosa, Albipuncta, Impura, Pallens, Fulva, Cannæ, Arundinis, Geminipuncta, Neurica, Lutosa)

Frosted Orange (Ochracea)

Genus Hydrœcia

Slender Clouded Brindle (Scolopacina)

Feathered Brindle (Australis)

Feathered Gothic (Popularis)

Antler (Graminis)

Straw Underwing (Matura)

Genus Luperina

Confused (Furva)

Small Clouded Brindle (Unanimis)

Crescent (Leucostigma)

Common Rustic (Didyma)

Anomalous (Anomala)

Mottled Rustic (Morpheus)

Pale Mottled Willow (Quadripunctata)

Archer's Dart (Vestigialis)

Shuttle-shaped Dart (Puta)

Pearly Underwing (Saucia)

Crescent Dart (Lunigera)

Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)

Coast Dart (Cursoria)

Garden Dart (Nigricans)

White-line Dart (Tritici)

Streaked Dart (Aquilina)

Square-spot Dart (Obelisca)

Heath Rustic (Agathina)

Portland (Præcox)

Stout Dart (Obscura)

Dotted Rustic (Simulans)

Plain Clay (Depuncta)

Setaceous Hebrew Character (C-Nigrum)

Barred Chestnut (Dahlii)

Small Square-spot (Rubi)

Six-striped Rustic (Umbrosa)

Grey Rustic (Castanea)

Square-spot Rustic (Xanthographa)

Genus Triphæna

Mouse (Tragopogonis)

Old Lady (Maura)

Mountain Rustic (Hyperborea)

Suspected (Suspecta)

Olive (Subtusa)

Double Kidney (Retusa)

Angle-striped Sallow (Paleacea)

Genus Calymnia

Dusky Sallow (Ochroleuca)

Grey Chi (Chi)

Large Ranunculus (Flavicincta)

Feathered Ranunculus (Lichenea)

Crescent (Bimaculosa)

Great Brocade (Occulta)

Beautiful Brocade (Porphyrea)

Golden-rod Brindled (Solidaginis)

Herald (Libatrix)

Scarce Burnished Brass (Chryson)

Burnished Brass (Chrysitis)

Gold Spot (Festucæ)

Scarce Bordered Straw (Armigera)

Four-spotted (Luctuosa)

Clifden Nonpareil (Fraxini)

Red Underwing (Nupta)

Dark Crimson Underwing (Sponsa)

Geometræ.

Dark-bordered Beauty (Parallelaria)

Bordered Beauty (Apiciaria)

Purple Thorn (Tetralunaria)

Scalloped Oak (Elinguaria)

Canary-shouldered Thorn (Alniaria)

Dusky Thorn (Fuscantaria)

September Thorn (Erosaria)

August Thorn (Quercinaria)

Dotted Carpet (Glabraria)

Annulet (Obscuraria)

Scotch Annulet (Obfuscaria)

Family Ephyridæ

Small Dusty Wave (Virgularia)

Mullein Wave (Marginepunctata)

Small Blood Vein (Imitaria)

Common White Wave (Pusaria)

Vestal (Sacraria)

Yellow Belle (Ochrearia)

Straw Belle (Gilvaria)

Currant (Grossulariata)

Autumnaria

Haworth's Carpet (Unifasciata)

Bordered Lime Speck (Succenturiata)

Pugs (Virgaureata, Campanulata, Indigata, Constrictata, Expallidata, Sobrinata, Variata)

July High Flier (Sordidata)

Carpets (Bicolorata, Montanata, Fluctuata, Berberata)

Yellow Shell (Bilineata)

Gem (Fluviata)

Oblique Carpet (Vittata)

Many-lined (Polygrammata)

Tissue (Dubitata)

Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)

Phœnix (Prunata)

Chevron (Testata)

Northern Spinach (Populata)

Barred Yellow (Fulvata)

Barred Straw (Dotata)

Small Mallow (Limitata)

Chalk Carpet (Bipunctaria)

Treble Bar (Plagiata)

Broom Tip (Rufata)

SEPTEMBER

The number of species on the wing is now considerably lower, yet there is a good deal to be done both with butterflies and moths.

Many of the former are worn and ragged, but good fresh specimens of some species may be taken. Clover and lucerne fields and the flowery borders of corn fields remain very attractive.

Tree trunks and palings should be searched as before. Sugar still attracts numbers of the Noctuæ; and ivy blossom should be examined at night whenever an opportunity offers itself.

September is a good month for larva hunting. Most of the species that pupate in the autumn are now full fed, and will undergo the change to the chrysalis state shortly after they have been housed, thus giving but little trouble to the entomologist. The day feeders may be beaten or swept from their food plants, but, of course, the nocturnal species are best discovered by searching at night.

Some have already 'gone down' for the winter, and, consequently, pupa hunting may be started. However, as there is yet much to be done with imagines and larvæ, it may, perhaps, be better to leave the pupæ alone till about the end of the month, especially as many of the larvæ have not yet had time to complete their transformation.

The list of imagines for September includes:

Butterflies.

Clouded Yellow (Edusa)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Queen of Spain (Latona)

Comma (C-Album)

Large Tortoiseshell (Polychloros)

Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)

Peacock (Io)

Camberwell Beauty (Antiopa)

Red Admiral (Atalanta)

Painted Lady (Cardui)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Wall (Megæra)

Grayling (Semele)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Clifden Blue (Bellargus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Sphinges.

Death's-head Hawk (Atropos)

Convolvulus Hawk (Convolvuli)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

Bombyces.

Tortrix (Undulanus)

Crimson Speckled (Pulchella)

Vapourer (Antiqua)

Pale Oak Eggar (Cratægi)

Lesser Lutestring (Diluta)

Noctuæ.

Figure of Eight (Cæruleocephala)

Small Wainscot (Fulva)

Bullrush (Arundinis)

Large Wainscot (Lutosa)

Frosted Orange (Ochracea)

Rosy Rustic (Micacea)

Feathered Brindle (Australis)

Beautiful Gothic (Hispidus)

Antler (Graminis)

Flounced Rustic (Testacea)

Hedge Rustic (Cespitis)

Haworth's Minor (Haworthii)

Anomalous (Anomala)

Shuttle-shaped Dart (Puta)

Dark Sword Grass (Suffusa)

Pearly Underwing (Saucia)

Turnip (Segetum)

Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)

Autumn Rustic (Glareosa)

Mouse (Tragopogonis)

Red-lined Quaker (Lota)

 

Yellow-lined Quaker (Macilenta)

Genus Anchocelis

Genus Xanthia

Centre-barred Sallow (Xerampelina)

Double Kidney (Retusa)

Genus Polia

Black Rustic (Nigra)

Green-brindled Crescent (Oxyacanthæ)

Marvel-du-jour (Aprilina)

Angle Shades (Meticulosa)

Flame Brocade (Flammea)

Brindled Green (Protea)

Genus Calocampa

Genus Xylina

Herald (Libatrix)

Gold Spot (Festucæ)

Silver Y (Gamma)

Scarce Bordered Straw (Armigera)

Clifden Nonpareil (Fraxini)

Buttoned Snout (Rostralis)

Geometræ.

Bordered Beauty (Apiciaria)

Brimstone (Luteolata)

Genus Eugonia

November (Dilutata)

Autumnal (Filigrammaria)

Juniper Pug (Sobrinata)

Shaded Broad Bar (Variata)

Slender-striped Rufous (Lapidata)

Tissue (Dubitata)

Carpets (Siderata, Miata, Immanata)

Chevron (Testata)

Mallow (Cervinata)

Streak (Spartiata)

OCTOBER

As there is very little winged life this month, and the larvæ have nearly all sought out their winter quarters, special attention may be given to pupæ. The earlier this work is started after the insects have completed their change the better. If left late, many pupæ will have been destroyed by floods, moles, &c., and a prolonged series of frosty days may render digging unproductive if not impossible. Again, it must be remembered that some larvæ are not yet down, and by digging at the roots of the trees on which they are feeding, you are preparing an acceptable bed for the late species, for the pupæ of which you may call again in about a month.

Larvæ may be obtained by beating and searching as before, but this work should be done as early in the month as possible, since but few are feeding after the first week or so.

Butterfly catching is now practically over, only a few of the late species and the hybernators being on the wing, and these only on mild days.

Noctuæ are still attracted by sugar and ivy blossom, and a few may be found at rest. Geometræ and Micros may be taken from palings and tree trunks by day, or caught flying at dusk.

The imagines of October may include the following butterflies:

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Pale Clouded Yellow (Hyale)

Clouded Yellow (Edusa)

Comma (C-Album)

Large Tortoiseshell (Polychloros)

Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)

Peacock (Io)

Camberwell Beauty (Antiopa)

Red Admiral (Atalanta)

Painted Lady (Cardui)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

And a few late 'Blues.'

The principal moths of the month are:

Sphinges.

Death's-head Hawk (Atropos)

Bombyces.

Plumed Prominent (Plumigera)

Noctuæ.

Large Wainscot (Lutosa)

Red-lined Quaker (Lota)

Yellow-lined Quaker (Macilenta)

Beaded Chestnut (Pistacina)

Brown-spot Pinion (Litura)

Chestnut (Vaccinii)

Dark Chestnut (Spadicea)

Red-headed Chestnut (Erythrocephala)

Satellite (Satellitia)

Dotted Chestnut (Rubiginea)

Orange Upperwing (Croceago)

Brick (Circellaris)

Brindled Ochre (Templi)

Green Brindled Crescent (Oxyacanthæ)

Marvel-du-jour (Aprilina)

Angle Shades (Meticulosa)

Flame Brocade (Flammea)

Red Sword-grass (Vetusta)

Sword-grass (Exolita)

Genus Xylina

Sprawler (Sphinx)

Silver Y (Gamma)

Geometræ.

Feathered Thorn (Pennaria)

Vestal (Sacraria)

Scarce Umber (Aurantiaria)

Mottled Umber (Defoliaria)

Winter (Brumata)

Northern Winter (Boreata)

November (Dilutata)

Juniper Carpet (Juniperata)

Gem (Fluviata)

Carpets (Siderata, Miata)

Mallow (Cervinata)

Streak (Spartiata)

NOVEMBER

No butterflies are to be seen this month with the exception of the hybernating species, and even these will not venture on the wing unless the weather is mild and bright for the season.

Most of the moths met with are also hybernators, but a few species are to be found only at this season, and these should be looked for on fences and tree trunks. A few Noctuæ may be taken at sugar, and the Geometræ attracted by lights.

The only larvæ now existing are hybernators, and many of these may be met with during your pupa-digging operations; but they are best left alone till the spring, as a rule.

The chief work of the entomologist in November is certainly pupa hunting, and this may be carried on in real earnest whenever the weather is favourable, following the instructions given in Chapter VII.

It will be remembered, also, that many of the Lepidoptera pass the winter in the egg state, and search may be made for ova when time permits.

The November list, besides some of the hybernating species previously mentioned, include:

Bombyces.

December (Populi)

Noctuæ.

Genus Cerastis

Satellite (Satellitia)

Dotted Chestnut (Rubiginea)

Orange Upperwing (Croceago)

Brindled Ochre (Exempli)

Geometræ.

Feathered Thorn (Pennaria)

Scarce Umber (Aurantiaria)

Mottled Umber (Defoliaria)

Winter (Brumata)

Northern Winter (Boreata)

DECEMBER

Outdoor work is now at a minimum. The weather is too severe, as a rule, to allow pupa digging to be carried on with either success or comfort, but favourable opportunities should be seized for this employment as well as for ova collecting.

Now and again we may meet with P. Populi at rest by day, or fluttering round a light at night. Brumata and Defoliaria may also be seen, and the Early Moth (Rupicapraria) may appear on the wing before the new year; but nothing is likely to be met with beyond these save the hybernators, already named in other lists, and some of the Tineæ.

It is a good plan to utilise your spare time during the dreary months of winter by attending to your cabinet. Rearrange your specimens where necessary, and see that all are properly labelled; remove all greasy specimens, and deal with them as recommended on page 127; also renew the supply of camphor or naphthaline in your drawers and store boxes. Time may also be found for the construction of apparatus that is likely to be required next season, and for repairing any that has been damaged during the work of the last.